Instead, they’re frequently set up to respond to CPU temperatures alone. But the case fans responsible for pulling cool air in and pushing warm air out of your chassis aren’t usually aware of what’s happening with the GPU at all. The card’s fans respond quickly to those ever-changing conditions. It spikes and dips on a scene-by-scene basis, varying cooling requirements from one moment to the next. When it comes to gaming, though, your graphics card is under more load than any other component. It’s no surprise, then, that aftermarket CPU cooling gets a lot more attention than the handful of techniques used to try improving GPU temperatures. Graphics cards, on the other hand, always come with a heatsink of some kind. Some CPUs include good-enough heatsinks and fans, while others don’t come with coolers at all. After all, even at stock clock rates, an optimized system can be made to run quietly at low temperatures under load. But enthusiasts looking to extract maximum performance from their PCs still need to pay close attention to cooling. Nowadays, chip manufacturers design a wide range of protection mechanisms into their components, preventing careless combinations of settings or a lopsided heat sink from doing harm. Eventually, your CPU or GPU might destabilize or even fail. And if you run your overclocked build at too high a temperature, a phenomenon called electromigration can degrade your chip’s circuitry at a rapid pace.

When temperatures rise too high, silicon can throttle back its clock speeds to preserve itself, harming performance.

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